Where the mean is T and the variance is 1. The frequency of occurrence of the age τ In general, each particle has a different age. The time that a particle of fluid has been in a control volume (e.g. Distributions Control volume with incoming flow rate f in, outgoing flow rate f out and amount stored m Then, in 1953, Peter Danckwerts resurrected the axial dispersion model and formulated the modern concept of residence time. This received little attention for 45 years other models were developed such as the plug flow reactor model and the continuous stirred-tank reactor, and the concept of a washout function (representing the response to a sudden change in the input) was introduced. The first such model was an axial dispersion model by Irving Langmuir in 1908. The concept of residence time originated in models of chemical reactors. Under the name lead time or waiting time it plays a central role respectively in supply chain management and queueing theory, where the material that flows is usually discrete instead of continuous. Residence time plays an important role in chemistry and especially in environmental science and pharmacology. The residence time of a set of parcels is quantified in terms of the frequency distribution of the residence time in the set, which is known as residence time distribution (RTD), or in terms of its average, known as mean residence time. The residence time of a fluid parcel is the total time that the parcel has spent inside a control volume (e.g.: a chemical reactor, a lake, a human body). For the residence time of a random process, see Residence time (statistics).
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